How far will radio frequency energy travel if it is not absorbed, reflected, or refracted?

Radio frequency energy will travel indefinitely if it is not absorbed, reflected, or refracted. This concept is based on the fundamental nature of electromagnetic waves, which can propagate through space without an inherent distance limit, provided no obstacles intervene that can absorb, reflect, or alter their path.

In an ideal environment, where the radio frequency energy encounters no physical barriers or atmospheric conditions leading to absorption or reflection, it can essentially continue its propagation perpetually. This principle is significant in telecommunications and radar operations, where maximizing the range and effectiveness of RF signals is critical.

The other options suggest limitations that would typically arise in real-world scenarios—such as the presence of terrain, buildings, or atmospheric conditions—that would indeed affect the range of radio frequency energy. However, in theoretical terms without those considerations, the correct understanding is that RF energy can travel indefinitely. This highlights the importance of understanding the conditions under which radio waves operate and the factors that can constrain their travel.